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Urticaria and angioedema may be allergic or non-allergic (spontaneous). In spontaneous urticaria/angioedema there may be exacerbating factors (e.g. heat, cold, pressure, stress, some medications).
Acute urticaria (lasting less than 1-2 days) do not need routine referral unless there are specific questions. This referral pathway deals with chronic urticaria only.
The clinical history of the symptoms and suspected precipitants/exacerbating factors is paramount, along with examination of the symptoms if possible.
The history should include
ACE inhibitor treatment can cause angioedema (without urticaria) even after months or years of treatment and must be stopped in patients presenting with angioedema.
Angioedema in the absence of urticaria also raises the possibility of hereditary/acquired angioedema; check complement C4 to exclude this.
No investigations are routinely indicated, and should only be performed if there is a specific indication. The exception is complement C4 levels in angioedema alone.
Formulary guidance: Management of urticaria
Devon Formulary guidance - antihistamines
onlinelibrary.wiley - guideline for the management of chronic urticaria and angioedema
This guideline has been signed off on behalf of NHS Devon.
Publication date: March 2016
Updated: September 2023