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The diagnosis and management of adults presenting with hypertension.
Management of hypertension for women considering pregnancy or who are pregnant or breastfeeding (see Management of hypertension in pregnancy).
To see information required please see Referral Section, referrals submitted without this information may be returned.
Referral Criteria
Please note pre-referral criteria may be applied to referrals for patients with this condition.
Hypertension is often asymptomatic. Measure blood pressure (BP) to case find opportunistically, or in those with a clinical indication.
Refer for same-day specialist assessment if:
or
If there are no symptoms or signs indicating same-day specialist assessment, assess for target organ damage as soon as possible:
NICE guidance uses ambulatory or home monitoring to classify as stage 1 or stage 2 hypertension:
Stage 1 hypertension:
Stage 2 hypertension:
Stage 3 or severe hypertension:
Please see red flag section above. If there are no symptoms or signs indicating same-day specialist assessment, assess for target organ damage as soon as possible:
Indications to Evaluate Patients for Secondary Hypertension
1. Offer lifestyle advice to all:
Non-pharmacological lifestyle interventions should be offered initially and then periodically to people undergoing assessment or treatment for hypertension.
Non-pharmacological measures; weight reduction, reduced salt intake, reduced fat intake, limited alcohol consumption, aerobic exercise and increased fruit and vegetable consumption are effective in lowering BP (level 1 evidence).
Weight reduction
DASH eating plan
Dietary sodium restriction
Physical activity
Alcohol moderation
Alone or in combination these interventions can reduce the need for drug therapy and enhance the effect of antihypertensive agents. A favourable effect on cardiovascular outcome is assumed, but not proven.
To reduce overall cardiovascular risk, patients should stop smoking, reduce total fat and saturated fat intake and increase consumption of monounsaturated fats and oily fish.
2. Check for end-organ damage:
3. Calculate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk using the QRISK3 risk assessment tool to assess risk for the primary prevention of CVD in people up to and including age 84 years.
Do not use the risk assessment tool for patients with established cardiovascular disease.
Stage 1 hypertension:
Stage 2 hypertension:
Stage 3 or severe hypertension:
Postural Hypotension:
Frailty/multimorbidity:
4. Medication choice
5. Monitoring drug treatment
Referrals may be returned if the criteria are not evident in the referral letter.
e-Referral Service Selection
NICE guidance NG133 Hypertension in pregnancy
British Hypertension Society - how to measure blood pressure
NICE guidance NG136 Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management
This guideline has been signed off on behalf of NHS Devon
Publication date: November 2017
Updated: August 2023